Boris holds crisis call with Joe Biden and slams European states for dependence on Russian gas

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Prime Minister Boris Johnson this evening shared a phone call with US President Joe Biden to discuss Ukraine after warning earlier today there could be less than 48 hours to prevent an invasion.

The allied leaders agreed that hope is not lost and said they would try to push for a diplomatic solution to avoid war in eastern Europe, in a call which lasted around 40 minutes according to ITV’s political editor Robert Peston.

A Downing Street spokesperson said of the call: ‘The Prime Minister and President Biden agreed there remained a crucial window for diplomacy and for Russia to step back from its threats towards Ukraine.

‘The leaders emphasised that any further incursion into Ukraine would result in a protracted crisis for Russia, with far reaching damage for both Russia and the world.

‘They agreed that western allies must remain united in the face of Russian threats, including imposing a significant package of sanctions should Russian aggression escalate. They also reiterated the need for European countries to reduce their dependence on Russian gas, a move which, more than any other, would strike at the heart of Russia’s strategic interests.’

It comes after Mr Johnson earlier today compared European states to ‘addicts’ and called on them to end their reliance on Russian gas imports.  

Meanwhile, US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken said today that the US is relocating its remaining embassy staff in Ukraine from Kyiv to the western city of Lviv, citing the ‘dramatic acceleration in the build-up of Russian forces’. 

‘The embassy will remain engaged with the Ukrainian government,’ Blinken said in a statement, before adding ‘but we strongly urge any remaining US citizens in Ukraine to leave the country immediately.’ 

The State Department has also ordered the destruction of networking equipment and computer workstations at their Kyiv Embassy in case it ends up in Russian hands, the Wall Street Journal reported. 

The PM is set to embark on another trip to Europe later this week as diplomatic efforts ramp up to defuse the standoff with Russia. Chancellor Olaf Scholz has been in Kyiv today and will go to Moscow tomorrow.

The UK, EU and US have set out brutal options for sanctions including starving Russia of foreign capital, holding up the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline and targeting banks and oligarchs close to the Kremlin. 

But there is not yet a clear package agreed across Nato allies, with Germany among the countries seen as dragging their heels. Defence Secretary Ben Wallace revealed his frustration at the weekend by warning there was a ‘whiff of Munich in the air’ – a reference to the appeasement of Hitler. 

Mr Johnson took a thinly-veiled swipe today insisting that ‘the world needs to learn the lesson of 2014’ when not enough was done to move away from Russian gas and oil following the Russian activity in eastern Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea.

‘What I think all European countries need to do now is get Nord Stream out of the bloodstream,’ he said on a visit to Scotland. ‘Yank out that that hypodermic drip feed of Russian hydrocarbons that is keeping so many European economies going.

‘We need to find alternative sources of energy … and get ready to impose some very, very severe economic consequences on Russia.’  

Ukraine president Volodymyr Zelensky turned up the heat on Germany this afternoon, saying after talks with Mr Scholz – who again dodged on whether the pipeline could be mothballed – that everyone should ‘clearly understand’ that Nord Stream 2 is a ‘geopolitical weapon’ for Russia. 

In a rousing televised address to the nation earlier today, Zelensky said: ‘We are confident, but not self-confident. We understand all the risks every day. We are constantly monitoring the situation, calculating various scenarios, preparing decent responses to all possible aggressive actions.

‘We clearly know where someone else’s army is near our borders, its number, its locations, equipment and plans. We have something to oppose. We have a wonderful army.’ 

Zelensky also declared Wednesday – the day US officials warn might mark the start of a feared Russian invasion of the ex-Soviet state – national ‘unity day’.

‘[The media] tell us that February 16 will be the day of the invasion. We will make this into Unity Day. I have signed the corresponding decree,’ Zelensky said.

According to the document, the head of state gave the order to raise the national flag of Ukraine on houses and official buildings in all settlements and perform the national anthem of Ukraine at 10am. The decree will also see Ukraine’s armed forces receive more financial support. 

The Kremlin meanwhile today declared that it is ready to keep talking with the West about security grievances that led to the current crisis, offering hope that Russia might not invade Ukraine within days as Western officials increasingly fear.

Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said at a meeting with Putin that Moscow should hold more talks with the US and its allies despite their refusal to consider the main Russian demands.

Lavrov said the talks ‘can’t go on indefinitely, but I would suggest to continue and expand them at this stage.’ 

He noted that Washington has offered to discuss limits for missile deployments in Europe, restrictions on military drills and other confidence-building measures.

Asked by Putin if it made sense to continue diplomatic efforts, Lavrov responded that possibilities for talks ‘are far from being exhausted’ and he proposed to continue the negotiations.  

However, as much as 60 per cent of Russia’s available land forces is now massed on Ukraine’s borders poised to attack, according to Western intelligence agencies, with Russian warships also in the Black Sea. 

On another day of international chaos on Ukraine: 

The PM’s spokesman said there would be no ‘preview’ of the sanctions planned by the West as it ‘cannot be beneficial to our aims’;Mr Johnson is this evening sharing a call with Joe Biden and has not ruled out going to Moscow himself; Downing Street has suggested Parliament will be recalled from half-term recess if Russia invades Ukraine; Commercial airlines halted flights to Ukraine or divert them from flying over its airspace, sparking fears civilians will soon be stranded;A bullish Russian ambassador insisted Mr Putin ‘doesn’t give a s***’ about the threat of Western economic sanctions;Moscow further ratcheted up tensions as more than 30 Russian ships started naval training exercises near the Crimean peninsula;Ukraine call for a meeting with Russia and other members of a key European security group over the escalating tensions on its border;The Pentagon warned ‘things were not moving in the right direction’ after a call between President Joe Biden and Mr Putin failed to yield a breakthrough. 

Conservative MPs are urging Mr Johnson to take a harder line as the best way to prevent the situation spiralling out of control.

Backbencher Kevin Hollinrake dismissed suggestions that China could merely step in to protect Russia from potential restrictions on banks – which could even bar them from the ‘Swift’ international payments messaging system. He said if the West was determined ‘literally people would not be able to get money out of ATMs in Russia’.

Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer said he would also like to see a ‘real’ threat of tougher sanctions.

Speaking in Sunderland, he said: ‘I would like to see tougher sanctions. I’d like that threat to be very real because let’s see this for what it is. It’s Russian aggression.

‘So, I would say to the Government go further on sanctions.’

However, Russia’s ambassador to Sweden Viktor Tatarintsev said Mr Putin ‘doesn’t give a s*** about western sanctions’, adding: ‘The more the West pushes Russia, the stronger the response will be.

As the atmosphere grows more febrile, Ukraine’s ambassador to the UK set off a firestorm by appearing to suggest his country could drop its pledge to join NATO if it means avoiding a war with Russia.

Vadym Prystaiko, a veteran diplomat who once served as Ukraine’s foreign minister, was asked by the BBC last night whether Kyiv might consider dropping the pledge – and responded ‘we might’.

But he hurried to clarify the remark this morning, saying his comments had been ‘misunderstood’ and that the commitment to join NATO remains enshrined in Ukraine’s constitution.

Defence minister James Heappey said today that the build-up of Russian forces on the border means Mr Putin can give an order and missiles and bombs would be hitting targets within ‘minutes’.

In a round of interviews as tension ramps up, Mr Heappey insisted it was still possible to avoid a flashpoint but ‘we are closer than we’ve been on this continent’ to war ‘for 70 years’.

Britain yesterday pledged ‘further economic support to Ukraine’ as more than 130,000 Russian troops stood massed at its borders. 

Defence Secretary Ben Wallace will attend a meeting with his Nato counterparts in Brussels this week to prepare the security alliance’s response to any attack on Ukrainian sovereignty.

US intelligence briefed by the Pentagon reportedly points to a detailed plan in which Moscow will launch a barrage of missile and bomb attacks this Wednesday followed by a full-blown ground invasion. 

Mr Johnson said the ‘evidence is pretty clear’ that Moscow is preparing an invasion – with claims it could happen on Wednesday. But he stressed it is not too late for Mr Putin to change his mind to avoid ‘disaster’, as he called for Western powers to impose ‘very severe’ sanctions. 

Ms Truss has chaired a Cobra meeting this afternoon to discuss how to help British citizens in Ukraine, and the premier is convening a full session of the emergency committee tomorrow. 

Mr Johnson pointed to massed Russian troops on the Ukrainian border and ‘all sorts of other signs that show that there are serious preparations’ for invasion.

‘This is a very, very dangerous, difficult situation, we are on the edge of a precipice but there is still time for President (Vladimir) Putin to step back,’ he said. 

No10 said there is ‘no sign’ Russia will ‘back down’ amid the crisis on the Ukrainian border.

The PM’s official spokesman said: ‘It’s certainly true that we have seen no sign so far that Russia will back down. There are more than 130,000 Russian troops on the border with the Ukraine and we are gravely concerned.

‘But we will continue to explore every possible avenue to talk Russia back from this path.’

Asked if the Commons will be recalled if an invasion happens, the PM’s spokesman said: ‘While I wouldn’t get into a hypothetical, obviously we would discuss that with the Speaker – and in that situation you would expect that the Prime Minister would want Parliament to be updated and for it to have its say.’

Ms Truss said she still hoped for a diplomatic solution, telling reporters: ‘That is why the Prime Minister and I are travelling around Europe this week, that is why we are working to persuade the Russians to remove their troops from the border, because a war would be disastrous.’

But she added: ‘We are very clear that Russia is the aggressor in this situation. They have 100,000 troops lined up on the Ukrainian borders.

‘They need to de-escalate because it will be a cost to Russia if they invade Ukraine, both in terms of the cost of a long-running war, but also the sanctions that we would impose, which would be severe, and would target oligarchs and it would target companies across Russia.’

Ms Truss claimed Germany had been ‘clear’ that the Nord Stream 2 pipeline would not go ahead if Russia invaded, although Mr Scholz has not seemed so in public.

Mr Biden has said the Russia-Germany pipeline would be stopped.

Ms Truss told reporters: ‘The Germans, and indeed the Americans, have been very clear that Nord Stream 2 would not go ahead in the event of a Russian incursion on Ukraine.

‘The Prime Minister is right, we do need to reduce dependence on Russian gas in Europe and find alternative sources.’ 

Meanwhile, Tories have urged the West to stand firm comparing the standoff with Moscow to the Cuban Missile Crisis – amid calls for Russian banks to be frozen out of financial markets. 

‘The strategy in my view, as most people accept, should be around sanctions but very severe sanctions and ones they will take seriously,’ he told BBC Radio 4’s Westminster Hour.

‘I don’t think it’s quite as simple as if we put really tough sanctions in place in terms of their financial markets. Completely blocking Russian banks from financial markets would be catastrophic for Russia. It’s not something that China can simply step in and solve. 

‘Literally people would not be able to get money out of ATMs in Russia. That would be very, very significant action we could take. If we’re clear about that now, I think the chances of an invasion would be reduced.’ 

He added: ‘If you want to go as far as blocking companies’ ability to transact in the West, particularly their financial services companies, banks and the like, they’re pretty tough steps and quite right too.’

Mr Hollinrake – a member of the Treasury Select Committee – admitted that it would mean ‘pain’ for Western countries, but insisted: ‘Russia has got to take us seriously. It can’t be that we’re looking after our economic interests first and foremost, we’ve got to look at the wider international implications of an incursion into Ukraine.’  

The PM’s official spokesman said: ‘We don’t preview the sorts of sanctions we are due to introduce because that cannot be beneficial to our aims.’

Tory MP and former soldier Tobias Ellwood, who has called for a division of Nato troops to be stationed inside Ukraine, said the standoff was ‘our Cuban missile crisis’. 

The Commons defence committee chair said Western countries had been ‘asleep’ and failed to recognise the threat from Russia.

‘We need to wake up to our responsibilities, to defend the international rules-based order,’ he said.

‘I don’t doubt the scale of where things are ratcheting. This is our Cuban missile crisis, but right now it’s us that is blinking and not Putin.’ 

Ukraine’s president Volodymyr Zelensky has been urging calm on claims about the timing of an invasion, telling the US: ‘If you, or anyone else, has additional information regarding a 100 per cent Russian invasion starting on [February] 16, please forward that information to us.’

He spoke at length yesterday with US President Joe Biden, who promised Washington would respond ‘swiftly and decisively’ to any further aggression from Moscow.

After the hour-long call, Kyiv demanded better weapons and more money from the West to stave off the Kremlin threat. 

Downing Street said the Prime Minister remains focused on calming the crisis and is receiving daily intelligence briefings on the increasing build-up of Russian forces.

No 10 did not set out where he plans to travel later this week, but it is understood Mr Johnson is keen to engage with Nordic and Baltic countries.

A Downing Street spokesman said: ‘The crisis on Ukraine’s border has reached a critical juncture. All the information we have suggests Russia could be a planning an invasion of Ukraine at any moment.

‘This would have disastrous consequences for both Ukraine and Russia. There is still a window of opportunity for de-escalation and diplomacy, and the Prime Minister will continue to work tirelessly alongside our allies to get Russia to step back from the brink.’

Armed Forces Minister Mr Heappey told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme: ‘There’s 130,000 Russian troops around the borders of Ukraine, thousands more on amphibious shipping in the Black Sea and the Azov Sea.

‘All of the combat enablers are in place and my fear is that if all of this was just about a show to win leverage in diplomacy that doesn’t require the logistics, the fuel, the medical supplies, the bridging assets, the unglamorous stuff that actually makes an invasion force credible, but doesn’t attract headlines. Yet all of that is now in place too.

‘That’s why there’s real urgency to the diplomatic negotiations that continue. 

‘That is why this is a very serious time for the whole world, really, to come together and to send a message to Russia that this is behaviour that will not be accepted and that we stand behind Ukraine, and that the financial sanctions if he were to cross the border would be absolutely profound.’

Mr Heappey told Sky News that all British nationals should be leaving Ukraine now ‘whilst there are the commercial means to do so and whilst the motorways are available for them to drive out over the border’.

‘This isn’t a warning about something that could happen in three months’ time, this isn’t a warning that will be followed by further warnings because greater imminence has been reached,’ he said.

‘This is a warning because minutes after Putin gives the order, missiles and bombs could be landing on Ukrainian cities, and that means British citizens should leave now whilst they have the opportunities to do so.’

European diplomacy efforts will see German chancellor Olaf Scholz arrive in Kyiv today and move onto Moscow tomorrow.

France’s foreign minister said today that everything was in place for Russian forces to invade quickly in Ukraine, adding that Europe was ready to impose massive sanctions if it happened.

‘If the question is, are there elements in place so that there is a major offensive by Russian forces in Ukraine, then yes it’s true. It’s possible and quickly,’ Jean-Yves Le Drian told France 5 TV.

He said the assessment was shared by Paris and its allies, although he said nothing indicated that Russian President Vladimir Putin had made that decision.

‘It’s blowing hot and cold,’ he said, suggesting that Russia was leaving the door open for dialogue.

Pentagon spokesman John Kirby yesterday said he cannot confirm reports that US intelligence points to Russia planning an invasion this Wednesday.

But the White House’s national security adviser gave a chilling description of what such an attack might entail.

Jake Sullivan told CNN: ‘If there is a military invasion of Ukraine by Russia, it’s likely to begin with a significant barrage of missiles and bomb attacks.

‘Those are never as precise as any army would like them to be… so innocent civilians could be killed regardless of their nationality.

‘It would then be followed by an onslaught of a ground force moving across the Ukrainian frontier, again where innocent civilians could get caught in the crossfire.’

He added that an attack could begin ‘any day now – that includes this coming week’.

Secretary of State Anthony Blinken today said in a statement the decision to move US diplomats from Kyiv to the Western city of Lviv was taken out of concern for the safety of embassy staff. 

Most embassy staff have already been ordered to depart Ukraine and U.S. citizens have been advised to leave the country.

‘My team and I constantly review the security situation to determine when prudence dictates a change in posture,’ Blinken said, adding that Washington would continue working for a diplomatic solution to the tensions.

Embassy operations are being temporarily moved to Lviv – roughly 50 miles from Ukraine’s western border with Poland – but the embassy will remain engaged with the Ukrainian government in Kyiv, Blinken said.

Having flown back from talks in Moscow in the early hours of Saturday, Mr Wallace yesterday cut short a family holiday due to what he said was the ‘worsening situation in Ukraine’, after he had been spotted in an unnamed European resort.

He was criticised yesterday for likening Western diplomatic efforts aimed at preventing a Russian invasion to appeasement towards Adolf Hitler after he said that there is a ‘whiff of Munich in the air’.

Vadym Prystaiko, Ukraine’s ambassador to the UK, retorted on BBC Radio 4: ‘It’s not the best time for us to offend our partners in the world, reminding them of this act which actually not bought peace but the opposite, it bought war.’

‘We are more self-sufficient and have been able to increase our exports. We have no Italian or Swiss cheeses, but we’ve learned to make just as good Russian cheeses using Italian and Swiss recipes.’ 

Matt Oresman, partner at global law firm Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman, cautioned that there would be ‘costs’ to the punitive response against Russia.

‘The impact of taking Russia off of Swift is massive. The sanctions being contemplated already deal with sanctioning Russia’s largest banks and making it nearly impossible for Russia to do dollar euro and pound denominated transactions with the word,’ he told Sky News.

‘Cutting it off of Swift will really bring it out of the financial service infrastructure that has existed.’

Mr Oresman said that trade with Russia would become ‘nearly impossible’, but one of the biggest ‘negative consequences’ for European businesses would be ‘how Russian companies can repay or service their debts to European banks’.

It would also be likely to push Russia further into the ‘orbit of China’ and mean that it is ‘in many regards under Chinese control’. 

There were fears that Britons in Ukraine, who were told to leave on Friday by the Foreign Office, could soon find themselves stranded as commercial airlines began cancelling or re-routing flights.

Dutch airline KLM yesterday cancelled all flights to Kyiv while Ukrainian carrier SkyUp was forced to divert a flight to Moldova after the company which owned the plane refused to let it enter Ukrainian airspace.

It is feared that a host of other airlines will also start suspending flights from today, with German carrier Lufthansa among those saying it is considering the move.

On Friday the Foreign Office issued new guidance telling British citizens to leave the country while they still can.

They will be left stranded – and will need military mercy flights – if commercial airlines decide en masse this week that they will cease flights to and from Ukraine.

Meanwhile Ukraine advised airlines to avoid flying over the open waters of the Black Sea from today to Saturday due to Russian naval exercises taking place there.

The fears follow the 2014 shooting down of jetliner MH17 as it flew over territory held by Russia-backed rebels in Ukraine.

All 298 people aboard died in the disaster, including 198 Dutch citizens, while Russia was widely condemned as being responsible.

Photos yesterday showed dozens of people waiting to board a plane at Kyiv’s airport as hundreds of others waited to check-in.

They are leaving after the US and the UK, along with other European nations, warned their citizens to get out of the country while they still can.

Russia has boosted its already huge force on Ukrainian borders by moving a large number of attack helicopters to forward positions, according to social media videos.

This includes a massing in Belgorod region, only 19 miles from the border with Ukraine, at the same site as in 2014 when Moscow intervened in the Donbas and annexed Crimea.

Sobering videos show Ka-52 Alligators, Mi-8s and Mi-24 military attack helicopters on the move in multiple locations in western Russia.

They were seen in the regions of Belgorod, Nizhny Novgorod region, Tver, Ulyanovsk and Yaroslavl amid suspicions they are being moved to the potential war zone close to Ukraine.

More were filmed in Dobrush, close to the border with Ukraine in the Gomel region of Belarus where vast military exercises are underway.

Ukraine last night called for a meeting with Russia and members of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) within 48 hours to discuss Russia’s military build-up near Ukraine and inside annexed Crimea.  

Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba said Moscow had not responded after Kyiv invoked a part of the Vienna Document, a set of security agreements, to demand Moscow explain its military activities.

‘Consequently, we take the next step. We request a meeting with Russia and all participating states within 48 hours to discuss its reinforcement & redeployment along our border & in temporarily occupied Crimea,’ Kuleba tweeted.

‘If Russia is serious when it talks about the indivisibility of security in the OSCE space, it must fulfil its commitment to military transparency in order to de-escalate tensions and enhance security for all,’ he said.

A key juncture in western diplomatic efforts this week is German Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s Moscow meeting with Mr Putin on Tuesday. 

Foreign Secretary Liz Truss is also expected to visit the continent during the diplomatic push.

The crucial phase in trying to cool Russian aggression comes at a difficult time for Mr Johnson domestically, with critics saying he is distracted by the police investigation centred on Downing Street.

The Prime Minister this week must answer a legal questionnaire sent to him by officers investigating allegations of lockdown-breaching parties, which could ultimately see him being fined if he is found to have broken the law.

That outcome would inevitably lead to even more widespread calls for his resignation, and Tories pressuring for a vote of no confidence which could unseat Mr Johnson as Prime Minister. 

Moscow denies it is planning an invasion and Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova accused the White House of stoking ‘hysteria’ but US intelligence suggests the Kremlin could fabricate a ‘false flag’ pretext to attack.

Western leaders have threatened Moscow with a damaging package of sanctions in the event of a further incursion into Ukrainian soil.

Ukraine is not a Nato member and allies in the defence alliance have said they would not join fighting in Ukraine but have bolstered forces in neighbouring nations and are threatening widespread sanctions.

Last night, Ukraine’s ambassador to the UK Vadym Prystaiko told the BBC that Ukraine might consider abandoning its goal of NATO membership to avert war.

IAN BIRRELL: Eighty years ago, Stalin brutally expelled 200,000 Crimean Tatars. Today, with Putin’s troops massing, their descendants say this time they will fight to the death

As the military forces of a modern Russian dictator menacingly encircle Ukraine, they stir chilling memories from the past of his predecessors such as Joseph Stalin in this scruffy little town of 12,000 people that sits near a new border with Crimea.

For it is filled with exiled families who know from bitter experience the brutal reality of Kremlin rule after suffering repeated waves of ethnic cleansing over the past century – first under the Soviet Communists, then recently under Vladimir Putin.

Typical is a taxi driver called Ildar. His grandmother was deported to the Urals almost a century ago, then his father put in a cattle wagon by Stalin’s goons and sent to central Asia on a 20-day rail journey that only one in five people survived.

It was only with the collapse of the Soviet Union that, along with about 250,000 other Tatars, Ildar returned to Crimea. But then they watched in horror as Putin followed in Stalin’s footsteps with his illegal seizure of Crimea eight years ago.

Ildar joined protests against Moscow’s annexation but was forced to flee with his wife and two children, abandoning his home and business to escape over the newly-imposed border.

Today, he lives among 5,000 Crimean Tatars in the town of Novooleksiivka – so close in geography yet so far for him in reality from Russian-controlled Crimea.

He fears fresh confrontation with Moscow amid talk of another invasion. ‘We have nowhere left to run so we’ll have to fight,’ says Ildar. ‘Russia is a terrorist country ruled by people who don’t value human life.’

As we sit in a cafe, he tells me his family’s story: His wealthy grandmother targeted by the Communists when they collectivised farms; his uncle dying on that horrific train journey after Crimea’s Tatars were rounded up on Stalin’s orders; and his father’s shock when the survivors were dumped in empty fields in Uzbekistan.

Yet this terrible tale is far from unique in this town – and given the tragic history of the Crimean Tatar people, treated with such cruelty by Russia’s rulers over three centuries, it is no wonder they look with alarm at the actions of Putin, the latest Kremlin empire-builder.

These people were among leading opponents of Putin’s theft of Crimea, the chunk of land that dangles below Ukraine where Florence Nightingale worked in the 1850s when Britain fought the Russian Empire for control of the Ottoman Empire.

Crimea has long held significance as a naval base – and Putin’s invasion in 2014 has led to the harassment, detention, disappearance and killing of Tatars who opposed his actions.

Novooleksiivka – the only place in Ukraine with a school teaching lessons in Crimean Tatar – lies in a coastal region some analysts suspect Putin is targeting to strengthen his grip on the peninsula and key strategic stretches of sea.

The testimony of Adile Medzhitova, 75, drives home the deep fears of this Muslim minority – subjected to waves of ethnic cleansing that date back to the initial Russian annexation in 1783 of their independent state under Catherine the Great.

Adile’s father, a teacher, fought as a partisan against the Germans when the Nazis invaded Ukraine during the Second World War, marrying her mother after his first wife was thrown into a well and young son killed in retaliation for his activities.

Yet after Russia repelled Hitler, Stalin deported 200,000 Crimean Tatars to Central Asia over a few days in May 1944, claiming they were Nazi collaborators – even all those serving in the Red Army or who had joined the resistance.

‘The soldiers came early one morning. They were called ‘traitors’ and ‘collaborators’ – even those like my father, heroes fighting against Germany,’ says Adile.

Some Tatars did back the Nazis in hope of kicking out the hated Communists – yet many more fought against them. Some historians think Stalin’s motivation was not revenge but part of his plan to start a fight with Turkey to reclaim land lost in the First World War, which led him to fear that Tatars – as Turkic people of Islamic faith – might side with Turkey.

Families were given as little as 15 minutes to pack and permitted to take few belongings, if any, in one of the 20th century’s most savage acts of ethnic cleansing. It was declared a genocide by Kyiv’s parliament seven years ago.

The majority of deportees were women, children and old people – with many suffering hunger, thirst, cold, overcrowding and diseases that spread rapidly in the packed cattle trucks. Stalin’s soldiers were reported to have killed those unable to walk – and then refused to bury them.

Ildar, the taxi driver, says he was 12 when his father told him about the events to explain why they had come to be living in Uzbekistan. ‘The soldiers came at night and ordered them into cattle wagons, 100 at a time,’ he recalls.

‘Only about 20 people reached the destination alive. The journey lasted 20 days. They were given one barrel of water and some fish, then they did not stop nor get any other food.’ It is estimated almost half the deportees died en route or in the first year of exile.

Adile’s parents found themselves 1,200 miles from home in a forest – yet were fortunate to escape the fate of two of her uncles, sent to Siberia as intellectuals and never seen again.

‘My mother always cried telling me about it,’ she said. ‘It looked like a concentration camp with long wooden barracks. Soldiers with dogs threw hay on the floor and told them to make it into their beds.’

The couple’s first child, like many Tatar babies born in such barren conditions, died in infancy. Adile arrived three years after deportation – her birthplace listed in official documents as ‘the tenth kilometre’ since there was no existing town.

Then her father suffered a horrendous head injury while cutting timber that left him with mental difficulties. Later, after the family were allowed to move to Uzbekistan, he worked in a cotton factory. ‘My father was an educated man but he had to do manual labour. The local population did not want us there – we all dreamed of returning to Crimea.’

Adile remembers one day in 1953 when people were made to gather in a stadium to mourn Stalin’s death. ‘Everyone was crying – it was only later we learned the original order to deport us had been signed by Stalin,’ she said.

A decade later Adile helped her father, along with other exiled Crimean Tatars, collect signatures for a letter to the Soviet leadership begging to return to their homeland. ‘Everyone was very afraid of the KGB because if they caught us, we could go to prison.’

As a result, in 1968 the local KGB gave the family 24 hours to leave the area – but they remained barred from Crimea, unable to work without the correct documents and ending up sleeping rough at rail stations.

Her father died in 1986 after working as a guard on a collective farm, writing Tatar poetry and pining for his Crimean homeland. The year after his death, a small group of Tatar activists staged a series of protests in Moscow’s Red Square, demanding an end to their exile.

Among them was Edem, then 30, who told me they held banners emblazoned with slogans such as ‘Return Crimea to Crimean Tatars’ while confronted by passers-by shouting that they were ‘traitors to the Soviet Union’.

Despite this being the time of Mikhail Gorbachev’s ‘perestroika’ reforms, the KGB tried to break up the protests; some demonstrators were sent to psychiatric hospitals. ‘They’d drag us off, fly us out of Moscow, patrol the streets with dogs,’ said Edem.

Yet the numbers swelled and copycat protests took off, leading to the pledge of a meeting with Soviet president Andrei Gromyko.

Over the following decade, hundreds of thousands of Tatars flocked back to Crimea – among them Edem, a car mechanic, and his two brothers. ‘It felt so good, like a homecoming,’ he says.

Yet those returning home faced hostility. ‘People had been brainwashed by Russian propaganda and didn’t realise our ancestors had been on Crimean land since the beginning.’

Then this man who once faced down the KGB starts to weep gently as he tells me he cannot visit the graves of his brothers in Crimea and speaks of his fear that Russian troops might soon be seen on the streets of Novooleksiivka.

Edem says: ‘If the Russians keep pushing forward into Ukraine, I would have no choice but to take a gun in my hands. We cannot allow them to take more of our lands.’

And so the agony of the Crimean Tatars continues – their lives disrupted and devastated by Russia’s repeated atrocities against them.

For her part, Adile Medzhitova, says that despite Putin’s war-mongering, she does not bear a grudge towards Russian people. ‘It’s not their fault they live under a bad government. I’ve seen how they have miserable lives. For them, it is still like Soviet times – you can’t speak freely there.’

Speaking in her three-room whitewashed house where she raised two daughters with her late husband, she tells me she is scared Russia might seize her adopted home town. ‘I am afraid to say my worst fears out loud. It would be so terrible that I can’t even talk about it.’

Such fears seem justified. Russian security forces last week carried out fresh searches of Tatar homes in several parts of Crimea, which led to four people being detained for suspected terrorism.

Habibula Lumanov, a father of six who runs a cafe in Novooleksiivka, knows many who stayed in Crimea and were put in prison, so felt unable to return even for his mother’s funeral.

‘They don’t need a reason in Russia to put a person in prison,’ he said. ‘Anyone who disagrees with them can be called a terrorist – they come to your home and say they found weapons, drugs or forbidden documents.’

The 52-year-old says that when Russian troops invaded Crimea the Tatars wanted to fight back but were not supplied with weapons by Ukrainian forces. ‘Now we’ve discussed it a lot – if anything happens we’ll send our families to a safe place but we’ll stay to fight.’

His own father was deported to Uzbekistan before finally returning to Crimea. Now he says: ‘My oldest daughter is 17 and I fear she must go through the cycle again.’

Usein Tohlu, the town’s imam, is equally forthright. ‘We’d all like to see Putin in a coffin,’ he says. ‘The Russian state is evil. It is the enemy of Tatar people.’

He joined volunteers in Novooleksiivka assisting 30,000 Tatars who fled Crimea after annexation. Their leaders still demand that the Russian-held peninsular is reunified with Ukraine – which has triggered retaliation including a ban on their representative assembly as an ‘extremist’ body.

Like so many other Crimean Tatars whose families have been benighted pawns of Moscow strongmen down the years, thousands more now find themselves trapped on the frontline of a geo-political struggle. This time it is one that pits Putin against the West.

Additional reporting by Kate Baklitskaya

The race to Kiev: Plans presented by Kremlin military chiefs show how 130,000 Russian forces will bid to topple Ukraine government in ‘multi-axis’ invasion from Belarus and Crimea before swarming in from the east

Russian troops could set off on a ‘race to Kiev’ to topple Ukrainian governmentWestern officials fear Putin’s soldiers will push to install a pro-Russian regimeMore Russian troops, possibly an extra 20,000, are being added to the invasion force which is currently 130,000-strong

ByDefence And Security Editor For The Daily Mail

Russian troops will set off on a ‘race to Kiev’ to topple the Ukrainian government, according to plans presented by Kremlin military chiefs.

Tens of thousands of Putin’s soldiers will push south into Ukraine to target the capital and install a pro-Russian regime, Western officials fear.

There will also be a ‘multi-axis’ invasion by Russian forces. Troops will enter the country from Belarus and Crimea before converging in eastern Ukraine.

Their mission will be to align themselves to prevent Ukrainian forces in the east of the country heading back to defend Kiev.

With speed of movement being critical to Russia’s strategy, lighter vehicles and weapons systems have apparently been selected for the ground offensive.

More Russian troops, possibly an extra 20,000, are being added to the invasion force which is currently 130,000-strong.

A source said: ‘The build-up of soldiers and equipment is unprecedented and very alarming. This is a force built for the purpose of an invasion. It is estimated a further 14 Russian brigades are heading for the Ukrainian border.

‘The logistics are also in place, the medical back-up as well as air and naval assets. We have seen the build-up of Russian vessels in the Atlantic, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. Holidays have also been cancelled for many Russian units.

‘In total you are looking at 60 per cent of Russia’s overall combat power being engaged in this operation.

‘The land threat has also been made more potent by the disposition of their attacking forces. Russia has basically traded mass for speed knowing they must get to Kiev as quickly as possible.

‘They must also rapidly get other units to eastern Ukraine to form a barrier stopping Ukrainian units pushing back west to save the capital city.’ 

According to sources, detailed invasion plans will be presented imminently to President Putin, who has still yet to make a final decision on the invasion. 

Putin is expected to meet his defence minister Sergey Shoygu and the head of Russia’s secret services Alexander Bortnikov before committing to war.

That’s because the UK, the US and the EU will launch a blitzkrieg on Russia’s banking system and financial services industry if Russia invades. 

Kiev is lightly defended because most Ukrainian troops have been stationed in the east fighting Russian separatists since 2014.

The Ukrainian capital is only 150 miles via the E95 highway from Belarus’s southern border – a journey Russian tanks could make in six hours.

A source added: ‘Once they get to Kiev the Russians are reluctant to send their troops into situations where they could be fighting street by street. Such a close quarter battle would likely lead to heavy casualties, both military and civilian. The Russians don’t want to get bogged down.

‘They’re hoping for a ‘bloodless coup’, to oust the democratically elected government and put their people in without much of a struggle.

‘They are probably underestimating the willingness of the Ukrainians to fight for their country, they are not just going to roll over. So it could get very bloody.’

While the state-controlled media claims the crisis is Nato’s fault, there is little or no appetite within Russia for conflict with their neighbour.

‘Russians see Ukrainians as being like themselves, many Russians also have Ukrainian relatives. There is little opposition to a possible war because of the Kremlin’s control of the media.

‘This could change quickly if a lot of people are killed,’ a source said. ‘An actual invasion would also prove expensive for Russia financially and politically as it would suffer heavy economic sanctions and become a pariah state.’