Boris unveils Net Zero drive but dodges full ban on new gas boilers by 2035 

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Boris Johnson’s plan to offer £5,000 grants to families to replace gas boilers with greener heat pumps was slammed by experts today, amid claims they are only suitable for a ‘small percentage’ of UK properties.

Households will be offered the grants from April 2022 in a bid to encourage the shift to low-carbon heating systems, costing taxpayers in England and Wales at least £450million. But the funding will cover just 90,000 heat pump installations over three years, far short of the Prime Minister’s goal of 600,000 installations a year by 2028.

One expert said the plan was ‘misleading’ and dismissed suggestions by the Government that ‘all homes can have heat pumps to replace gas boilers, when in fact only a small percentage of UK homes are suitable for them’.

It comes after a report in April claimed that heat pumps would be impractical for between 37 and 54 per cent of UK homes currently using gas. The study, published by the Energy and Utilities Alliance in partnership with Leeds Beckett University, said there were ‘limiting factors’ in 8-12million homes out of the 22.7million properties analysed.

They include homes built with solid brick walls or uninsulated, and space-constrained properties such as flats and mid-terrace buildings, as well as high rise buildings.

Meanwhile energy chiefs have criticised the way the grants scheme has been drawn up as they warned only wealthier families will be able to benefit. They said that ‘the only people who can afford to take advantage are those who can put the other £5,000 in’ to meet the estimated £10,000 cost of installing a heat pump.  

The idea of providing grants has been welcomed by some in the industry but there are fears the ‘level of funding is too low’ to prompt widespread adoption of the technology. 

Homeowners took to Twitter today to say they thought it unlikely that heat pumps would be installed where they live, with John Tweedie from Glasgow saying: ‘I live in a 100-year old tenement building and wanted to get a replacement for an old gas boiler that kept failing. I was told it would cost more than £10,000 to get non-gas solution vs £2000 for another gas boiler. Some of these old buildings aren’t set-up for new technology.’ 

And Neil Roberts from Liverpool tweeted: ‘What if you live on the 19th floor of a tower block, clad in flammable cladding and no means of gluing a heat pump to it? I don’t think this has been thought through if I’m honest.’ 

A third Twitter user said: ‘How do people like me, in a small one bed flat with no spare space, get a heat pump? This is not remotely practical for most people.’

And a fourth added: ‘Not sure how my social landlord is going to cope installing these heat pump things in my 14 floor, 84 flats, 1960’s tower block, gotta feeling they’ll pull it down and I’ll have to live at ground level, no I don’t want to, I’ve had 20 years with m’head in the clouds, love it.’

In addition, the PM has ditched the idea of a total ban on gas boilers from 2035 after a furious backlash from Tory MPs and homeowners. Instead, the Government will set ‘an ambition that by 2035, no new gas boilers will be sold’. 

Myles Robinson, heating expert at online retailer Boiler Central, told MailOnline: ‘The plan is misleading for UK consumers. The government is suggesting that all homes can have heat pumps to replace gas boilers, when in fact only a small percentage of UK homes are suitable for them.

‘As well as the fact that government grants would only fund heat pumps in 90,000 homes in the first place, the rollout of heat pumps is not a viable long-term solution for the energy crisis given that most households can’t use them.

‘The Government is looking into using hydrogen as a suitable alternative, which is much more suited to UK homes. However, as progress is slow on getting gas grids to switch to hydrogen, the UK is pushing heat pumps as a solution when they are just a sticking plaster on a serious problem.’ 

The policies are contained in the Government’s new Heat and Buildings Strategy which was published today along with Mr Johnson’s wider plan for hitting a target of net zero emissions by 2050. 

The PM talked up the UK’s determination to lead the fight against climate change in a speech to business chiefs including Bill Gates as the Government set out its eagerly-awaited Net Zero strategy. 

Mr Johnson addressed a global investment summit in a bid to secure commitments on climate change from major firms. 

The announcements came amid signs of rising tension between Mr Johnson and Chancellor Rishi Sunak as the Treasury warned of ‘diminishing returns’ from green investment – at a time when the UK’s post-Covid economic recovery has slowed amid rising inflation and widespread shortages.

Prince Charles has increased the pressure on ministers to act on climate change by describing how his grandson Prince George has been learning how global warming is causing ‘the big storms, and floods, the droughts, fires and food shortages’ around the world.  

Speaking to business moguls at the Science Museum in London this morning, Mr Johnson said hydrogen would be a significant part of the solution to replacing fossil fuels. ‘To drive a digger or a truck or to hurl a massive passenger plane down a runway, you need what Jeremy Clarkson used to call ”grunt” – I think there may be a technical term for it – but ”grunt”.

‘Hydrogen provides that grunt, so we are making big bets on hydrogen, we are making bets on solar and hydro, and, yes – of course – on nuclear as well, for our baseload.’  

The Government’s £450million Boiler Upgrade Scheme will see grants of up to £5,000 handed out to encourage people to replace gas heating systems with a heat pump. 

The aim of the grant is to make low-carbon heating systems ‘cost the same as a gas boiler now’. 

A new £60million Heat Pump Ready programme will also be rolled out to provide cash for ‘pioneering heat pump technologies’. 

The Government wants to hit a target of 600,000 heat pump installations a year by 2028. 

Switching to low carbon heating in the coming years will cut emissions, and reduce the UK’s dependency on fossil fuels and exposure to global price spikes in gas, the Government said.

Government sources have also confirmed ministers will press ahead later this year with a plan to pile new ‘green’ levies on to gas bills. 

Levies on electricity will be cut in a bid to persuade consumers to switch to greener energy.  

Mike Foster, chief executive of the Energy and Utilities Alliance, said the £5,000 grant for heat pumps amounted to a ‘middle class bung’. 

He said: ‘If we accept the cost is currently £10,000 to install and the grant is £5,000, the only people who can afford to take advantage are those who can put the other £5,000 in. 

‘By definition that is not the fuel poor. With schemes like this it is always those who intended to fit a heat pump and are affluent enough to afford one who get the subsidy, when what England is crying out for is a properly government-funded energy efficiency roll-out programme. 

‘This is nothing more than a middle class bung.’  

Mr Foster said for the same amount of annual funding – £150million – the Government could fit loft insulation in half a million homes, saving each household £135 a year while also removing 290,000 tonnes of carbon emissions each year.

He said replacing 30,000 gas boilers ‘will remove only 48,000 tonnes of carbon each year’.

Jan Rosenow, Europe director at the Regulatory Assistance Project, which aims to accelerate the shift to clean, reliable and efficient energy, said there were many positive elements to the strategy, with the plans for a boiler phase out setting an example to other countries in the run up to Cop26 climate talks.

He said: ‘Providing grants for installing heat pumps is essential as they are more expensive than gas boilers, but the level of funding is too low.’  

Friends of the Earth’s Mike Childs said the Government’s plans were ‘quite modest’. 

He added: ‘Housing is one of the hardest sectors to decarbonise but the Government is making it all the more difficult by leaving half its tools in the toolbox, with unambitious policies and inadequate funding.’

Speaking to broadcasters this morning, International Trade Secretary Anne-Marie Trevelyan confirmed that the Government is stopping short of introducing a future ban on gas boilers.

She told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme: ‘At the moment we’re encouraging the market to drive those changes.’

However, she did not rule out forcing the move later. 

‘In the short term, yes, of course this is a voluntary scheme,’ she said.

‘There will be a point at which that changes but, yes, for now that’s the case.’ 

The Government today set out its plans to help the UK reduce its carbon emissions to hit a ‘net zero’ target by 2050.

Writing in The Sun, the Prime Minister vowed ‘the greenshirts of the boiler police’ won’t kick down doors to rip out dirty gas boilers and said no one will have their ‘trusty old combi’ torn out by ‘sandal-clad’ inspectors. 

 ‘We’re going to make carbon-free alternatives cheaper to install so that when you or your landlord next come to replace your boiler it makes more sense to go with a cleaner, more efficient replacement that you know will help the planet,’ Mr Johnson added. 

Mr Johnson has announced £9.7billion of overseas investment in the UK, creating 30,000 jobs. 

The deals with businesses will support growth in areas such as wind energy, sustainable homes and carbon capture.

The Prime Minister hosted business leaders including Microsoft co-founder Mr Gates at the Global Investment Summit at the Science Museum in London this morning to announce the investment.

Yesterday also saw Ford reveal it is investing £230million to transform its Halewood factory on Merseyside to help build a new generation of zero-emissions cars. 

Its first electric vehicle parts hub in Europe will safeguard 500 jobs. 

Prince Charles introduced a documentary ahead of the Cop26 climate change summit in Glasgow in November. 

He was shown holding a revolving earth in the footage, telling viewers: ‘Your future depends upon the future of the planet.’

The Sky Kids documentary Cop26: In Your Hands features six young activists who highlight the impact of climate change on their corners of the Earth. The prince tells viewers: ‘I’m old enough to have a grandson.

‘Like you, he is learning how climate change is causing the big storms, and floods, the droughts, fires and food shortages we are seeing around the world.’  

Charlie Mullins from Pimlico Plumbers has warned that putting new energy sources into 30million-plus homes ‘would keep the country’s current crop of heating engineers busy for a hundred years’.

There are also major questions about how some of these new solutions such as ground source heat pumps, can work for the millions of small homes and flats in Britain’s cities because they need a hole between 50ft and 300ft deep – or long trenches measuring around 7,000sqft in the garden or grounds.    

A leaked Treasury briefing ahead of the COP26 summit says the spending needed to achieve Net Zero is ‘uncertain’ and the positive impact of ‘ever more investment’ in greening the economy is likely to reduce. 

The document, which according to the Observer accompanied a presentation to key groups outside government, also cautioned that tax rises could be required to balance the ‘erosion of tax revenue from fossil-fuel related activity’.

As frictions bubble up between the two most powerful figures in government ahead of the Budget on October 27 and crucial summit, Treasury officials have also been complaining about ‘economic illiteracy’ at No10 over lavish spending promises and the danger of inflation running out of control. 

There are claims that Mr Sunak privately lamented the ‘sh**show’ in Downing Street at the height of the pandemic. 

Meanwhile, the Chancellor also faces a wave of counter-briefing, with swipes that he is turning into Bond villain ‘Dr No’ and has been ‘rattled’ by the possibility that he could be replaced. 

The infighting emerged as the PM tries to position the UK at the forefront of the battle against climate change, with the UN summit taking place in Glasgow in a fortnight.

The feuding hit a new level last week as No11 brutally slapped down Kwasi Kwarteng over his public suggestion of a bailout for energy-intensive firms struggling with soaring gas prices – only to be effectively overruled by Mr Johnson.

An admirer of Mr Sunak told the Sunday Times that the relations between the Chancellor and the PM were now starting to resemble those between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.

However, they pointed out that in this case there was no doubt about who was in charge of government policy. 

‘I’ve been watching the Blair-Brown documentary and I’m worried we are falling into the same thing with Boris and Rishi only this time it is the prime minister with the ”great clunking fist”,’ they said. 

Tory aides pointed out that new Foreign Secretary Liz Truss openly covets the Treasury job and Mr Sunak is ‘rattled’. 

‘Rishi has become Dr No, while Liz is Mrs Yes, Yes, Yes,’ a former minister said.

Rumours have been circulating that Mr Johnson appointed 6ft 5in Simon Clarke as Treasury Chief Secretary partly as a joke at the expense of the rather more diminutive Mr Sunak.

One senior Tory told the Sunday Times that a crunch moment is approaching on the PM’s free-spending habits. 

‘The moment is coming, a bit like Nigel Lawson and Mrs T, where he will have to make a decision as the chancellor whether he is going to continue going along with it,’ they said. 

A Treasury spokesperson said: ‘The Government is committed to tackling climate change and the Prime Minister has set out an ambitious Ten Point Plan to help us achieve that. 

‘The Treasury is playing a crucial role in this effort, by allocating £12billion to fund the Ten Point Plan, setting up the UK Infrastructure Bank to invest in net zero, and committing to raise £15billion through our Green Gilt for projects like zero-emissions buses, offshore wind and schemes to decarbonise homes.’  

How much will gas boiler alternatives cost you? 

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS (£14,000 – £19,000)

Ground source heat pumps use pipes buried in the garden to extract heat from the ground, which can then heat radiators, warm air heating systems and hot water.

They circulate a mixture of water and antifreeze around a ground loop pipe. Heat from the ground is absorbed into the fluid and then passes through a heat exchanger.

Installation costs between £14,000 to £19,000 depending on the length of the loop, and running costs will depend on the size of the home and its insulation.

Users may be able to receive payments for the heat they generate through the Government’s renewable heat incentive. The systems normally come with a two or three year warranty – and work for at least 20 years, with a professional check every three to five years. 

AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMPS (£11,000)

Air source heat pumps absorb heat from the outside air at low temperature into a fluid to heat your house and hot water. They can still extract heat when it is as cold as -15C (5F), with the fluid passing through a compressor which warms it up and transfers it into a heating circuit.

They extract renewable heat from the environment, meaning the heat output is greater than the electricity input – and they are therefore seen as energy efficient.

There are two types, which are air-to-water and air-to-air, and installing a system costs £9,000 to £11,000, depending on the size of your home and its insulation.

A typical three-bedroom home is said to be able to save £2,755 in ten years by using this instead of a gas boiler.

HYDROGEN BOILERS (£1,500 – £5,000)

Hydrogen boilers are still only at the prototype phase, but they are being developed so they can run on hydrogen gas or natural gas – so can therefore convert without a new heating system being required.

The main benefit of hydrogen is that produces no carbon dioxide at the point of use, and can be manufactured from either water using electricity as a renewable energy source, or from natural gas accompanied by carbon capture and storage.

A hydrogen-ready boiler is intended to be a like-for-like swap for an existing gas boiler, but the cost is unknown, with estimates ranging from £1,500 to £5,000.

The boiler is constructed and works in mostly the same way as an existing condensing boiler, with Worcester Bosch – which is producing a prototype – saying converting a hydrogen-ready boiler from natural gas to hydrogen will take a trained engineer around an hour.

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS (£4,800)

Solar photovoltaic panels generate renewable electricity by converting energy from the sun into electricity, with experts saying they will cut electricity bills.

Options include panels fitted on a sloping south-facing roof or flat roof, ground-standing panels or solar tiles – with each suitable for different settings. They are made from layers of semi-conducting material, normally silicon, and electrons are knocked loose when light shines on the material which creates an electricity flow.

The cells can work on a cloudy day but generate more electricity when the sunshine is stronger. The electricity generated is direct current (DC), while household appliances normally use alternating current (AC) – and an inverter is therefore installed with the system.

The average domestic solar PV system is 3.5 kilowatts peak (kWp) – the rate at which energy is generated at peak performance, such as on a sunny afternoon. A 1kWp set of panels will produce an average of 900kWh per year in optimal conditions, and the cost is £4,800.

SOLAR WATER HEATING (£5,000)

Solar water heating systems, or solar thermal systems, use heat from the sun to warm domestic hot water.

A conventional boiler or immersion heater can then be used to make the water hotter, or to provide hot water when solar energy is unavailable.

The system works by circulating a liquid through a panel on a roof, or on a wall or ground-mounted system.

The panels absorb heat from the sun, which is used to warm water kept in a cylinder, and those with the system will require a fair amount of roof space receiving direct sunlight for much of the day to make it effectively.

The cost of installing a typical system is between £4,000 and £5,000, but the savings are lower than other options because it is not as effective in the winter months.

BIOMASS BOILERS (£5,000 – £19,000)

The renewable energy source of biomass is generated from burning wood, plants and other organic matter such as manure or household waste. It releases carbon dioxide when burned, but much less than fossil fuels.

Biomass heating systems can burn wood pellets, chips or logs to heat a single room or power central heating and hot water boilers.

A stove can also be fitted with a back boiler to provide water heating, and experts say a wood-fuelled biomass boiler could save up to £700 a year compared to a standard electric heating system.

An automatically-fed pellet boiler for an average home costs between £11,000 and £19,000, including installation, flue and fuel store. Manually fed log boiler systems can be slightly cheaper, while a smaller domestic biomass boiler starts at £5,000.